Friday, November 29, 2024
12 Push-Ups That Kicked My Ass
Thursday, November 21, 2024
Exercises Throughout The Day To Stay Energized
Spreading a few exercises here and there throughout the day is never a bad thing. Matter of fact, it's probably better for many than getting one big workout in that takes up some time. Some do like getting in that hour long or so workout either before or after work which is awesome and I applaud you for making that effort, if you enjoy it and it's meaningful to you, keep at it. There are other options though if you need it to save yourself some time.
Doing a few moves or holds over the course of the day can help you stay strong and fresh for what is thrown at you and getting the most out of it in little bits of time. Even certain exercises that seem basic can be very challenging when done right. One of my favorite exercises believe it or not I like to do for a couple minutes a day along with the other things I do is doing Push-ups either on my fists, palms or using my handles and I would hold at the top for as long as 30 seconds, then go down to about mid point and hold that for 30 seconds, come back up and hold for 15 seconds, mid point for 15 and repeat that 15/15 one more time for a total of 2 minutes without a rest. It's tough as hell but it gets the job done. Picked up that version of push-ups on youtube but do different variations instead of just one (variety you know).
Combining dynamic and isometrics is a great way to keep your strength and condition up and keep things flowing. Do a wall sit for a minute or go bear crawl for 30 seconds to a minute, these will add up as the day progresses and it'll feel like you're getting more done than you thought. Micro Workouts are a key ingredient to successful training and it pits you into a style that can be creative using simple moves and holds. Got a way to do Suspension Training? You can do some assisted pull-ups to build strength and muscle in your back or do rows as you advance. Washing dishes? Every few plates cleaned or so, press down on the countertop for 10-12 seconds and tighten the core muscles. Want to work the legs a bit, if you're going up a couple stairs or so, take a step and press hard with the front leg for 5-10 seconds each leg to build strength in the quads and knees. Sometimes the littlest things can create the biggest impact.
A great exercise for the lower body is the Amosov Squats which I picked up from Steve Maxwell in the case of doing assisted type squats using a counter space, a door or using a Suspension Strap. Go down as low as you feel comfortable and come back up within control. As you get better, get down a little further and slowly build up speed. This builds great strength in the legs and conditions the entire lower body. Some do this to get the blood flowing as a warm up, others for conditioning purposes and to help with building strength in the knees if they can't do squats unassisted yet.
Build a foundation and utilize your exercises the best way you can. Don't be afraid to experiment with something and don't think for a second that simple exercises are too easy, when you utilize the right tension and timing, they can be crazy tough to do but yet be as effective if you were doing a long workout. A few seconds can feel like an eternity at times. Making even 5 reps feel like 50-100 is a killer way to train. Have fun with them and keep being amazingly awesome.
Tuesday, November 19, 2024
Training And Developing A Healthy Neck
One particular body part many don't realize that is crucial to a healthy life is the neck. It's not just a little bundle of muscles, it's a link between the spine and the brain that makes the big element of nerve function. Neck Training comes in different forms from using machines and weights to doing Bridges, Self Resistance & Mobility Work. I was never a big advocate to do weights or machines for the neck in my own training, I was doing bridges for years and off and on doing Self Resistance Exercises totaling as much as 200 reps a workout.
Still do bridges from time to time and can still hold the front and back for 3 minutes each if I chose to but mostly these days, I'm geared towards more of the mobility style while adding an isometric component to it along with dynamic movement. I came up with a routine that was inspired by Matt Furey when he put out a video on youtube on how to thicken the neck and clear the cobwebs so do speak. He only put out 2 exercises for the left and right side each or so but I added in a few more and used the concepts of what he taught and made my own routine of it. It's a great routine which involves starting with an isometric element and then moving in the position in a 2 count fashion, move onto another exercise and same thing until I finish off with circles of the neck. Do a 10 count Iso hold and then 10 reps of movement, next exercise, same thing and then just do 10 circles each way for the finish.
Been doing this routine off and on since May of this year and it's one of my favorites that helps clear my head and/or to strengthen my neck. It's a great alternative for those who can't bridge yet or if they're already bridging and want to do this as a supplement. For me, it takes about 6-7 minutes to complete the full routine. Not long but very effective. One of these days, I'll film it and show you how I do it. It'll be a full routine demonstration and not just little bits to do a 1 min demo. It can be done anywhere, anytime. It's a great routine to start the day and think of it as a routine to help rid of that morning brain fog we get at times after waking up. Nothing hardcore or anything, just a simple thing to help get your head in the game as they say.
I did mention a little earlier that it could thicken the neck. That might sound a bit far fetched but after doing it for a period, I did gain muscle in the neck that was functional and mobile. It didn't make my neck look like Mike Bruce or anything like that but it did build the type of muscle that was strong yet elastic along with building strength in the nerves. It's not the same as building muscle like a Wrestler or Football Player, it's meant for health and elasticity. A strong neck goes a long way in how it can be life saving and how it could aid in your routine.
As we get older, strength training becomes more and more crucial and it's not always the quantity of what we do or how much we lift and all that, there's a foundation there for sure but it's more about the quality and the control we have as we progress. We may not be able to do all we did in our 20's by the time we reach 40 or 50, but we sure as hell can slow down the aging process as best as we can to make the quality of life going on for as long as possible. Do what's possible and progress little by little. You don't need to do a ton of reps to make something worth while, sometimes, only a few is really needed to move things along. Stay healthy everyone and keep being amazingly awesome.
Thursday, November 14, 2024
Being Creative In How You Make The Basics Work
It can distracting AF when you have all the information at your disposal but have no true clue what to do with it. It happens to a lot of people (me included sometimes) but it's important to learn the value of how we process that information by taking bits of it and molding it into our own style. It's not always easy, it's not meant to be, but it can bring greater value to what we want to achieve.
Having knowledge of the basics lay the foundation to what we can do to move forward. That's the beauty of what training is about, it's the idea that you can use simplistic approaches to what gives you the greatest benefit for your individual needs. Become a master of your domain (channeling Seinfeld IYKYK) and harness a creative entity in how you use the basics. When it comes to fitness and training, people are fixated on certain things and shove all sorts of methods down people's throats. I do my best to not do that but to give you resources that could bring you incredible results because I want you to succeed and get the most for what goes on in your life.
Not everyone has the mindset to do an hour long workout, some do and it's awesome that they can pull that off and make time for themselves. However; sometimes it's not always an option so if you're short on time, it's important to find what can give you the best out of your time you need to train. It's one of the reasons why I advocate and respect the Red Delta Project. With a series of courses dedicated to making your training effective with basic exercises and with little to no equipment, you can create a workout just about anywhere you wish. With fundamental training, you have the ability to do what works for you with the time you have.
Books like Suspension Calisthenics, Overcoming Isometrics & others, these build a level of knowledge and wisdom that seldom use even by today's standards. Although some exercises look plain and boring to some people, it doesn't take away the fact that they not only work but have a far greater outlook to how you train for the long haul. You don't need to do 20 sets of every single body part or train for 1-2 hours in order to get results. Hell, yesterday my workout barely lasted 45 minutes if that and I'm feeling a bit of it today. Did 8 exercises that hit just about every muscle from the shoulders down to the legs and did no more than 3-4 sets on each of them. The main focus was technique and tension using only 1-3 movements per muscle group. Here's what I did to give you an idea......
Push-ups x 13, 12, 10
Suspension Curls x 14, 11, 10
Split Squats (Per Leg) x 16, 14, 10, 10
Side Hip Raises (Per Side) x 12, 10, 8
Suspension Squats x 15, 15, 10, 10
Power Wheel Knee Pull Ins x 12, 10, 8
Power Wheel Rollouts x 12, 10, 8
Suspension Incline Rows x 15, 15, 10
Not complicated, didn't take up a ton of time, rested as long as needed for a fresh set and kept things simple and focused on the muscles worked. No jolting or bouncing, no mindless reps and made the exercises work for me. Train for what matters and make the time work in your favor and not against you. Sure I can do far more reps on each of these exercises if I wanted but it would defeat the purpose of what I wanted to get done. Again with the mindless reps, it boils down to intent and what needs to be done to stimulate the muscles. You're not going for world records unless that's your intended goal or you have a goal to do 500-1000 reps of something consistently. Those are all well and good and they work (to a degree) but finding a way to stimulate for growth and strength is utilized in a more condensed but basic approach. I used a countdown method for my reps in the workout above for a reason and it was to create more tension into the muscles I was working to build a greater level of concentration and focus without resorting to going to failure.
The number of reps you do is arbitrary for others but what really counts is how you apply muscle control to those reps that makes the difference in the quality over the quantity. You can make 10 reps feel like 100 if you know the right physical and mental aspect of the control of your muscles. That's the idea of what RDP teaches. It shows you how to control every movement you do so you can get the most out of your workouts in the best amount of time possible. It gives you tools to be creative but also have the best knowledge even at low skill set exercises. Create opportunities to build your body that will not only bring you great joy but also a sense of gratification that you can do amazing things on a basic level. Keep killing it and keep being amazingly awesome.
Monday, November 11, 2024
4 Animals And 1100 Reps Later
When you need a pick me up or even the urge to challenge yourself, sometimes you just go with your gut and hope for the best. This morning, I wanted to do some Animal Conditioning and did my Deck Of Cards Animal Workout. Doubled the reps/steps to really sink things in and feel the wrath of the wild. The animals were as follows....
Bear
Crab
Duck
-The way the deck of cards goes....
Hearts = Bear Crawls
Diamonds = Crab Walks
Clubs = Sasquatch Walks
Spades = Duck Walks
-Rep Count
King/Jack/Queen = 20
Ace = 32
Joker = 100
2-10 = Doubled
All together, its 1000 total reps. Crazy thing is, I had three jokers in the deck I used so it came out to 1100. A lot of crawling and walking in a half squat and full squat. The only rest was getting up and flipping a card, that was it. For the Animal I did for the jokers it was 100 Steps of the Sasquatch. Walking in that position for a period of time really puts tension in the thighs and works the tendons and ligaments with a vengeance. It's almost walking in a wrestler's stance or a football stance getting ready for a tackle.
This particular workout hits practically every muscle in the body and you can move in all sorts of directions and revs up your cardio that is unbelievable. Awesome conditioning for combat sports, health, coordination, agility, upper & lower body strength. Doesn't take very long (just around 30 minutes or so) and targets quite a bit of the brain since you need to send the nerves to the muscles to keep them going and stay balanced. It's like a jolt to the noggin along with building lung power.
Training is an adventure and when you can play like a beast in the wild (even a duck), it makes your workout all the more enjoyable. With a workout like this, it's like a game and you can create the difficulty. Have fun and keep being amazingly awesome.
Thursday, November 7, 2024
Does A Six Pack Really Mean Anything?
Many would say having a six pack has many benefits and a indicator of health. In a few cases that is true, low bodyfat can be an indicator of health but how low is too low and where does the balance formulate to say someone's healthy? A great six pack shows you've worked hard to build the abdominal muscles and made strides to make yourself look good which by itself isn't a bad thing, however; does those muscles help minimize or prevent injuries as much as possible? Can it take a hit? Is it strong enough to work the Stabilizers? Is it conditioned?
These are the questions I look for when I see those with a six pack. Seen some strong people that look average and seen bodybuilders who can barely walk, plus crackheads have very low abdominal fat and have a six pack at times so where is the line drawn that a six pack meaning something healthy? The truth is, because we're all different, our bodies don't always develop the same way as others but it is important to understand it's not always the abdominal muscles that should be looked at for an indicator of health, it's the entire realm of the Core (abs, low back, obliques) that should give you an idea of how strong it truly is.
Core Strength is one of the true indicators of how healthy a person is. You can have extremely low bodyfat and still have a weak core structure. Being able to twist and turn without hurting yourself gives off some strong vibes there along with utilizing those muscles in how you perform your workouts. The tension vs the relaxation in your performance. Understanding how to brace yourself as you control a movement or hold. Think of Gymnasts, the control over their bodies is one of the most fascinating things about the human structure. The way they can move and hold positions on the Rings, swing on the High Bar, flip in the fucking air during a floor routine or on the vault, its captivating and eye popping. Sure this is sports specific but it doesn't take away the fact that if they couldn't control the way they do things, they would be crippled for life.
The greater your strength is in your Core from a certain POV, the stronger you'll be not just physically but overall. It's one of the reasons I train a lot with Isometrics, Suspension Training, Sandbags, Bands and Hammers....In order to perform these methods well or even to get a pass by, I need to be in control of my Core otherwise I'd be injured a hell of a lot more. Core Strength goes beyond just doing Abdominal Exercises, it's about creating a strong foundation to what is needed for things in life that can be a saver for people. Hauling furniture takes Core Strength, doing Farmer's Carries takes Core Strength even when you're off balance, moving in awkward positions without injury starts with Core Strength.
Having a strong Core may not always be obvious just on appearance alone, again, you can look like a million bucks but do you have the strength and control that comes with it? That's the true indicator there. Keep yourself strong and healthy and keep being amazingly awesome everyone.
Thursday, October 31, 2024
What Makes Suspension Training One Of The Most Versatile Tools In Fitness?
When it comes to minimal equipment, it's important to see what can give the greatest benefit for putting the most in your training. Things like Resistance Bands can be very versatile because they weigh practically nothing and can fit into a travel bag easily. That's one of the reasons why I like Suspension Training from the WorldFit Iso Trainer, you can take it anywhere and it easily fits in your pocket basically. When you can have a whole gym that you can take anywhere, there's not a whole lot of excuses to not train and I'm being modest here.
Being able to switch from one exercise to another in the blink of an eye makes training not only interesting but doesn't take a lot of time to get shit done. When you have that at your disposal and courses like Suspension Calisthenics, your entire world is your playground. It may not turn you into Mr. Olympia or some Acrobatic but it can do wonders for your body and mind that you didn't think were possible. Think about it....Being able to channel your creativity into a device that stretches the imagination beyond the core of a typical gym rat. A device that gives you opportunities to better your well-being as well as teaching you how to be your own coach. Not only that, it's AFFORDABLE as hell.
Yes bodyweight exercises are completely free and can be done anywhere and at anytime. You can learn a ton on Youtube and other Social Media that you can't learn in a book, however; it is important to realize that as great as those places are at times, having a knowledgeable course with someone who knows the grind and is fitter than many people his/her age, it isn't hard to find what you may be looking for and that's where I love recommending and teaching you to be aware of who is pretty damn good and who's a POS snake oil numbnuts who's only after your money.
I understand people need to make a living and it's understandable in many cases to charge people services that cost an arm and a leg because they believe that's what they're worth, even when they look like bean poles or looking like they got inspired by Karen Carpenter's look of Anorexia. There's literally a guy who charges a "collectors" edition for a BOOK for 250 bucks. Paperbacks & Digital Downloads for 400 bucks or 200 for two books. I'm sorry but that's ridiculous as shit and quite frankly, I've seen better quality that was cheaper. This dude is also one of the crudest and sexist guys I've ever come across and doesn't have the balls to see what he's doing to people's hard earned money. Treats people like dirt and hates anyone who isn't fit because at one time he wasn't fit himself, it's Psychology 101, you put out what is a reflection of your own insecurities and shoving people's inadequacies down their throats. The only way that crazy haired and poor excuse of a man stays in business is because people are gullible enough to buy into his bullshit. There are better options folks and you don't have to feel like a loser for it either.
I'd rather put my faith in a fitness master or knowledgeable trainer that treats people like human beings, gives encouragement and make you feel like hanging with him is one of the most fun things ever. He doesn't treat you like you're worthless, he gives you options and respect along the way without the need to rant on how bad things are and you are a POS. That's what I see in Matt Schifferle of the Red Delta Project. He's one of those guys that makes you feel good about yourself when you think you don't and he doesn't have some kind of agenda to make you feel like his way is the highway and sure as hell doesn't have some kind of ego that makes him hot shit. What he brings to the table is hope, opportunistic in a positive way and makes training interesting and fun to do. Remember the cost of a book in the previous paragraph? Matt's Grind Style Calisthenics Paperback is less than 30 Dollars and has higher quality and knowledge than the other guy's two books combined. With the cost of the WorldFit Iso Trainer, it's still way less than 100 bucks together and you have far more options in terms of exercises than ever and exercises that regular bodyweight styles can't match but can be a great addition to. The cost of the kindle version? Less than 10 bucks. Here's another kicker that really makes me love his work...His Youtube Channel has free workouts and tips that go beyond the books but still have the wherewithal to give you the option and encouragement to get the books. The other guy's channel, doesn't even have the option to comment let alone have the way of learning things from a fitness perspective. Awkward angles, long rants and shoves his ego down people's throats more than a Scientologist Cultist trying to recruit some poor guy.
What makes Suspension Training one of the most versatile tools in fitness? It gives you the ability to train anywhere, anytime and makes you learn how to control your body from another outlook of bodyweight conditioning. Being serious about getting fit is never a bad thing but it's also important to have fun with it too and you get to play and experiment in ways that make you feel like a kid again. Matt's style of Suspension Training gives you all that and more and is one of the fittest men around today and at 46, he's still getting stronger and fitter. He teaches control and how to apply tension while also being a little quirky and often times nerdy about it but that's what makes him unique and a great asset to the Fitness Industry, he's one of the guys and makes you feel like you can accomplish anything with a little extra. I really cannot say anything bad about the guy, he's likeable and is one strong motherfucker for a bodyweight guy.
In the wise words of Matt Schifferle....Be fit, live free. Keep being amazingly awesome everyone.
Wednesday, October 30, 2024
Isometrics And How It Has Continued To Help My Training
Being consistent with Isometrics isn't easy but it can make things interesting, especially if it helps with your other training adventures and keeping injuries at bay. One of the things that I will credit Isometrics with is my journey with Pull-Ups. I'm sure you've seen some of the videos by now and yeah there's still some improvement needed but I'm getting better than I was before. That's the beauty of Isometrics, it helps your weak points and strengthens areas needed or to get more strength in the tendons and ligaments so you can do certain things like Pull-Ups and such.
A good portion of my Isometric Routine is pretty basic by sticking with exercises in 1-3 positions doing 7-12 second contractions at a time. In most workouts, I keep it around 20-30 total contractions, sometimes more, other times less but work into the exercises I'm doing and hammer them out. Exercises are mainly, Bicep Curl, 3 Variations of the Wall Sit, Chest Press, Deadlift, Zercher Squat, Shoulder Raises, Overhead Shoulder Press, Hybrid Push-Up and Core Exercises like Hybrid Plank, Side Bends, Hollow Body Flex, Arch Body Flex, Dead Bug Crunch and Side Planks. I switch some exercises around depending on what I'm feeling that day and do them in a various order to go from one to the other. Some exercises I take a breather on but others, I just hit one and then adjust and keep that going until I feel like I need a breather. Not complicated and doesn't take a lot of time but gets a lot done.
When I go to the gym at times with the wife, I'll test myself on some stuff and slap on the Fat Gripz like Pull-Downs, Farmer's Walks, Bench Press or Rows. I'll throw in bodyweight exercises like Dips doing 5x5 and Pull-ups doing sets up to 3-5 and keep it there or do a countdown method. Suspension Training as well like Rows, Amosov Squats, Curl, Push-Ups or whatever I can come up with. Most of the time, I have no plan at all and just run with whatever pops into my head. Keep the reps at a minimum depending on what I want to do. Never to failure and try to keep gas in the tank. Take rest periods as long as needed, plus it helps to pass the time so when the girlie is ready to head out, it pans itself out.
Because of methods like Isometrics, it has helped maintain my strength and even increased it in some things like being able to pull nearly the whole stack in pulldowns with the Fat Gripz on, Smith Bench up to about 280 with FG's on and so on and so forth. Never feeling sore or even feel like my joints are wearing down at all. They've helped me be in better control when I do movements and harness that mind/muscle connection. At the gym, it feels more like a day off than anything but it's fun and I do get questions from time to time with the FG's but for the most part, I keep to myself, nobody bothers me and every now and then, I'll let someone know they're killing it in their routine. That's really the thing is to cheer each other on and let others know what they're doing is awesome.
I kind of look at Isometrics as not only the Cheat Code to training but also (in a fun way) like the way the Sith's powers in Star Wars. Paraphrasing a quote from Emperor Palpatine in Episode 3: Revenge Of The Sith "Isometrics is a pathway to many abilities some consider to be unnatural." It's very true from a certain point of view (again channeling my Star Wars nerdom) that Isometrics develops strength that still continues to be studied and learning the concept of what it means to be strong and resilient. It formulates power that can turn your weakest links into something that could be considered superhuman or become so strong that you wonder why you didn't learn this in the first place. In my own training, it is giving me abilities at 40 that I didn't think could keep going from my 20s and 30s along with being leaner since losing the weight.
Keep at it guys and make Isometrics a part of your training, it does wonders for your body that will help things in later years and give you levels of strength that will give you a quality of life that seems like an impossible dream but can be very much real. Get the course Overcoming Isometrics from Red Delta Project and get yourself a WorldFit Iso Trainer that you can take anywhere and get some awesome training in. Great quality, AFFORDABLE and building a foundation to the type of training that will have you soaring into the stratosphere.
Thursday, October 24, 2024
Getting A Little Stronger And More With The Pulls
Experimenting has been one of my favorite things to do when it comes to training. Finding ways to get better, get stronger in areas I wasn't strong in and putting on muscle that works in my favor instead of against me. Isometrics is one of the go to methods I've used for years that has been more and more these days helped some weak points in things I've been working on like Pull-Ups and other things. Maybe it's a phase, maybe it isn't even I don't freaking know lol.
Ever since I hit those 5 Pull-Ups at that Marine booth at the Fairgrounds earlier this summer, something clicked and wanted to see if I can get better. 5 Reps seems to be my plateau but I know I can get stronger. It may be my max reps at the moment but not my total in a workout. As of right now, my best total with the regular pull-ups is 15 which I'm happy with. With Chin-Ups its a total of 32 because in the same workout I did a total of 17 Chin-Ups when I went to the gym that one day which you can see below doing a set of 5 each of the 2 Variations. Not perfect, sure as hell nowhere as good as Jack Lalanne or Matt Schifferle (These are true masters BTW) but got to keep improving right? Isn't that what fitness is truly about, improving little by little?
Saturday, October 19, 2024
Why Pulling Movements Are Important
I'm not talking just pull-ups as if they're the Zeus of Pulling Mount Olympus, it goes beyond that. It's pulling from an overall perspective that is the key thing here. It's not merely a method of training to help with muscle imbalances, it's more on the likes of building grip strength, working with various objects and having the strength to help yourself up or others. Machines, Deadlifts, Pull-ups, Chin-Ups all work to a degree within each other. No one move is superior to the other and no one movement is going to solve all your needs in that area.
When you learn to get better at pulling, you're getting strength that is essential in ways you may not even realize. From my own experiences, I may not be the best at pull-ups but I've done a lot of pulling in my time, more than I lead on. It truly started when I was laid up after my accident and being in a hospital bed was very discouraging. If you've had major injuries or have/are wheelchair bound, you have an idea of what I mean. It wasn't easy for people to lift me in order for me to do what I needed to do so I made it a priority to use what strength I had in my upper body to get myself around which turned to more pulling and dipping. In the hospital, they have those hangers where you pull yourself up to get into a wheelchair or to pull yourself up in order to sit up. I did a lot of those and when I had to get into a car without using my legs, I had to pull and grip on the Car Handle basically with one arm in order to get myself in. One time, I had to get in the passenger seat this way and I said to myself out loud "Come on motherfucker" in order to muster the strength to get in.
Pulling isn't as big of a priority as pushing is but it is important to understand that Pushing and Pulling is the Yin and Yang to the Upper body and be able to work with both in a synergetic fashion. I like to do Pull-downs, Rows, Pull-ups & Chin-Ups when I train especially when I use my Fat Gripz to really utilize the muscle groups as best as possible to their maximum potential. I love to use the WorldFit Iso Trainer and make it work as a Suspension Trainer, you can do so much with it, the list is only limited to your imagination. From Isometrics to Partials to Full Range as good as can be, this thing can do wonders for your pulling strength. One of the best authors on Suspension Training is Matt Schifferle with his Grind Style Calisthenics Training System. It teaches the true fundamentals of Pulling along with the other chain of muscles so you can build muscle and strength.
An idea of doing various pulls is a video demo I did where there are exercises such as the Hybrid Iso Pull-Up by strapping a loop on each side of a rack or in this case Monkey Bars and pull yourself up until the strap has you at a stopping point and hold it. This is essentially a 2 For 1 Exercise as pull with with as much strength from an Overcoming POV and you're fighting against Gravity at the same time. Another exercise is a beginner's version of Pull-Up where you squat down and hold onto the handles and then pull yourself up using your legs as assistance but also do your best to focus and use tension on the muscles of the back, arms and core. This version is a great strength builder and puts on muscle in the upper back. The last one is the Hybrid Iso Row where you create a stopping point and then row until you hit that mark and hold it. Hell of a grip and core exercise.